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"proxy" is a term used to describe a server "proxy" is a reference to the idea of a proxy often referred to as proxy servers are software that acts as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a client can send a request for an item directly to a server and the server would serve direct to the requester. Although this method is easy to understand and implement, adding proxies offers advantages like more speed and security, privacy, and so on. As a layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security layer for the internet between clients and servers.




It is generally accepted that the system of server hardware coupled with the software used to install proxy is often referred to as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers which are typically classified as software, and specifically in relation to servers for web. We will present a summary of the two main types of proxies, which is forward proxy and reverse proxy. forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a different usage scenario, which is often misinterpreted due to the similar terminology.




This article will give you an understanding of how proxies work, what their subtypes and ways they can be useful in a range of configurations. If you read this article, you'll be able to recognize instances where the use of proxies is beneficial, and then determine the best alternative between forward and reverse proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, also referred to as an open proxy is the representative of the client who is trying to relay a request through the internet to a source server. In this case every request made from the user's side will be made through an forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in the place of the client examines the request. Then, it will determine whether the client is allowed to make requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it'll either reject an request and transfer it on to the server that originated the request. The client is unable to establish a direct connection to internet. It is only able to connect to what the forward proxy permits it to connect to.




The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or security while using the internet. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet, instead of clients, and in this manner, it is using an IP address that is different from the IP address that was originally used by the client.




Depending on how it's set up depending on how it is configured forward proxy could offer a variety of features and allow users to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies can also be used for security systems which are centralized and accessible is based on permissions, such as at a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer an administrator can restrict access to only a limited number of users to the internet that is then filtered through a common firewall. Instead of creating filters for client layers which could be used by a number of computers that have different settings and types of users, there is a way to set up a firewall located at the front proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers must be manually configured to be used, whereas reverse proxy servers can be obfuscated by clients. Based on the fact that your IP address a user is relayed back to the server that originated it by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity are granted or denied.




There are a variety of possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxies.




Apache A well-known, open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another widely-used open-source webserver which comes with forward proxy features.


Squid is a free forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not included with the complete web server. Check out our instructions on how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP which makes it more suitable for situations such as peer-to -peer traffic. You may also want to check out how to set up Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts in the capacity of an intermediary for web server, that handles customer requests on behalf of. This server can represent a single, or multiple servers. Also, it could be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In either case, a request would come via the internet in general. In most cases, the request is directed directly to the web server which hosts the resources that the client requires of. A reverse proxy is a intermediary that isolates this webserver from all direct interactions with the web's public.




From the viewpoint of the client an individual's perspective the procedure of using reverse proxy is the same than working with the server in its own way. It's the exact same thing, however the client is unable to see the difference. The client requests the resource, and is then supplied with it, without any additional configuration needed for the customer.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




The web server is secured centrally.


The direction of traffic coming in is by rules you have set.


A new feature for caching is now available.




While centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. Reverse proxies provide this feature only to the server layer but it is not available to the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls at the server level that may contain multiple servers, each with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is centered in the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and interacting to client requests off web servers allows the firewall to concentrate on providing the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers being hosted by a reverse proxy, it is also accountable for the way requests are routed to the server that is hosting them. Many web servers may be providing the same service, but offering different kinds of resources, or a mix of both. The servers could use their HTTP protocol to function as an ordinary web server but can also include protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is also possible to set up a reverse proxy to direct users to a specific server based on the requested resource or to follow certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position prior to web servers by offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can be set by caching rules to prevent hitting web servers on every request. There are solutions allowing users to serve static files without having to connect to the web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy is able to compress these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server can also function as a reliable reverse proxy service. While Apache is also a reverse proxy service it is not the only one. Apache web server comes fitted with reverse proxy functionality that is an additional feature that is available for Apache However, Nginx was designed originally to and concentrates specifically on reverse proxy features.



The difference between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, and false distinctions between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels can be confusing since both types of proxy servers handle both requests as well as responses. An alternative method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to analyze the specifications of the application you're developing.




A reverse proxy is useful when you're developing a method to connect web-based applications to the internet. They act as your web servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy can be helpful when you are before customers for your personal use or in an environment that is professional. They are your client's proxy when you interact with the internet.




Distinguishing by use case instead of solely focusing on naming conventions that are commonplace can aid in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article will explain what a proxy is with two types: reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of its use and a brief overview of advantageous characteristics were used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're looking to know more about the use of proxy servers, check out our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx as reverse proxy with Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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