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A proxy, also known as a proxy, also known as a proxy server is also known as the proxy server, is a software that functions as mediator between client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a client would make a request resources directly to a server and it would deliver that resource to its user directly. While this procedure is easy to comprehend and implement with proxy services, it may provide benefits in the form of enhanced performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer of security proxy functions as a guardian to the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the combination of server hardware with installed proxy software is commonly known as a proxy server. In this article, we will focus on proxy servers, which are generally described as software, and also in the context of web servers. We will provide a description of the two primary types of proxy servers: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each type has a different application, and is frequently confused due to the similar naming convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of different types of proxy and what their subtypes are, as well as their value in the common configurations. By reading the article you'll be able to understand how to recognize the situations that a good proxy can be beneficial and select the best option between reverse and forward proxy based on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also called an open proxy acts as an intermediary between a client that is trying to transmit a request over the internet to a source server. In this case every request made by the user will be directed directly through the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting in the client's place, will scrutinize the request. The first step is to determine whether the client is permitted to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to the server that originally received it. The client has no connection to any internet. It can access only what forward proxy grants the client access.




A very frequent applications of forward proxies is to improve privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as a client, and in the process, it uses an alternative IP address for the client's IP address.




Based on the way it is configured based on the way it's configured forward proxy could provide different features depending upon the configuration that allow you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that offer central security as well as access based on permissions, such as in a workplace. The entire internet can be passed through a forward proxy that is open. administrators can restrict access to certain clients on the internet that is protected by an common firewall. In lieu of having firewalls in place for the client layer that could include multiple machines that have different configurations and users it is possible to have an firewall that is located in the front proxy layer.




Be aware the forward proxy setting need to be manually configured for be used, however reverse proxies will be disregarded from the clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is transmitted to the server from which it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or kept secret.




There are many choices to be considered for forward proxy:




Apache is a well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy features.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server. Take a look at our guide on how to install Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better to handle peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to look at how you can configure Dante proxy for secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is the web server which handles incoming requests from customers on behalf of. The web server could be a single, or multiple servers. It may even be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request comes from a user via the internet. The majority of the time requests are sent directly to the web server with the resources the client wants. However, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary and isolates your web server from contact with the open internet.




From the point of view of the individual client's perspective the procedure of using reverse proxy is similar to using a Web server to communicate in direct contact. It's exactly the same, and the client cannot tell the distinction. Client requests the resource, which is followed by its receipt with no additional configuration needed for the end-user.




Reverse proxies offer options like:




A central layer of security to protect the server.


The direction of traffic coming in is based on rules you decide to define.


New feature added to caching.




Although centralized security can be a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxy adds this function to just the layer of web servers but not the client layer. In lieu of focussing on the upkeep of firewalls on the web server layer that could contain multiple servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls as well as communicating with clients who are far from web servers enables them to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




In the case of multiple servers existing through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is also responsible to direct which requests go through which server. There could be multiple web servers providing the same content, each providing different types of services or a combination of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but can incorporate different protocols for application servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy settings to direct users to a specific server based on the requested resource, or to follow specific guidelines for the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies may benefit from their location over web servers, by providing the ability to cache information. The large static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers on every request. Some solutions providing the option to serve static content directly without contacting servers on the internet in any manner. In addition, the reverse proxy can manage compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a popular reverse proxy solution. While there is an equivalent feature available that is available in Apache web server, it does include reverse proxy functions as an added feature that is available for Apache while Nginx was designed originally for and is focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" have connotations of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels could be confusing as both kinds of proxy servers process requests and responses. The best method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to research the requirements of the app you're developing.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial when you are developing an application that can serve web applications on the internet. They represent your web servers when you interact with the internet.




Forward proxy is useful when placed in front of customers to facilitate the purpose of your own use or in a business setting. They represent your client traffic through any interaction on the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on common naming conventions can aid in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the meaning of a proxy is, and compared it to the two most common kinds: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial attributes were used to determine forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about implementation of proxies then you should check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy and webserver proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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