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An proxy is also known as the software for proxy servers serves to act as a mediator between the server and client over the internet. Without the proxy, a user could submit a request for a source directly through a server, and the server would serve the resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to understand and implement but using proxies provides benefits like improved performance, privacy, security, and more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the combination of server hardware and proxy software is usually called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies that are traditionally defined as software, and specifically in relation to web servers. This article will provide a detailed breakdown of two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own situation, and it is frequently not understood due to the similar terms.




This article will provide information about what proxy services and subtypes are and how they work in various configurations. Through this article, you will be able to identify the situations in which using proxy services is beneficial, and choose the most appropriate solution between reverse and forward proxy in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, sometimes referred to as the open proxy acts as a representative for a customer who needs to send an internet request to the server that made it. In this case, the entire attempt to send requests from the user will be transmitted through the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in place of the client will check into the request. Then, it determines whether this client is authorized to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to reject any request, or forward it to the source server. The client has no direct access for the web. It is able to access only the information that forward proxy allows the client to connect.




A common use of forward proxy is to provide greater privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy can access the internet on behalf of a client. as such it may use a different IP address than the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how it has been configured, based on the way it's set up, forward proxy may offer you a variety of features based on how it is configured and enables you to:




Don't fall victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize restrictions based on location.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralized as well as access that is permission-based for instance, such as at work. If all internet traffic flows via an open forward proxy the administrator can grant only a small number of clients access to the internet by the standard firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for the client layer which can comprise a variety of machines that have different environments and types of users A firewall can be positioned in this intermediate layer of forward proxy.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies need to be manually setup for use, whereas reverse proxies can be hidden from the user. Depending on the type of the IP address of a user is transferred to the server from which it originated through forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or not.




There are numerous possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxies.




Apache A well-known open source web server, which offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server that has the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid: A free forward proxy using an HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer the entire web server. Read our article about the best method to create Squid proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it better for use instances such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to set up Dante proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an agent for a web server, which handles incoming requests from clients on its behalf. The web server may include a server, or multiple servers. Also, it could become an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios the request will come via the web in general. In the majority of cases, requests will then be sent directly to the web server with the information the user is seeking. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and isolates this webserver from direct communication via the open internet.




From the viewpoint of the user, the experience of interacting with reverse proxy is not different than communicating with an internet server direct. It's functionally the same however the user is unable to discern the difference. The client makes a request for an item and receives it, with no further configuration needed on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




Centralized security for web servers.


Directing incoming traffic according to rules you have set.


New caching functionality has been added.




While centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the layer that is the webserver and not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on webserver level that could include multiple servers and various configurations, the majority in firewall protection is targeted to the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the removal of the burden of working with a firewall and connecting with requests from customers via web servers allows them to concentrate solely on the requirements of their clients.




In the case of multiple servers using a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy can also handle the direction in which requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers could be operating on the same server, each providing various kinds of resources or a mix of both. They can use the HTTP protocol just like a conventional web server, however they can also be equipped with application server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy servers that redirect users to a particular server based on the service you request, or to a set of rules for the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies also gain by their position on top of web servers, as they provide the ability to cache. Large static assets can be created with caching rules to avoid the need to call web servers every time. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static assets without having to connect with the webserver at all. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions are able to handle the compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a highly regarded reverse proxy solution. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server also has reverse proxy functions, but it's a distinct feature to Apache unlike Nginx was initially designed for focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use



Because "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing as both kinds of proxies handle the processing of requests as well as responses. The most effective way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy providers is to consider the requirements of the app that you are developing.




A reverse proxy is a useful tool when building a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web server for any interaction you make on the internet.




Forward proxy are beneficial when they are placed in front of users either for personal use or in an office setting. They serve as a representation of your client's traffic when you use the internet.




Separating by use case, instead of just focusing on the most common naming conventions can ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article provides the definition of a proxy with the two primary kinds, namely forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of use as well as a review of the advantageous features were used to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the benefits of proxies, you can read our guide on how to configure Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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